Background: In traditional societies the elderly enjoyed great power and social status. But their situation along with that of the family has changed dramatically in today's urbanized and industrialized society, and this has created many problems for them. The substantial and continuous decline in mortality has increased the elderly population which in return has made them vulnerable to different types of abuses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sociocultural factors affecting elderly abuse in Isfahan, Iran.Methods: This research employed the survey method and the technique of data collection was a questionnaire. Research population consisted of all the elderly aged 60 years and above who were abused or mistreated and had contacted Isfahan's legal medical authorities. The sample included 62 such individuals. The research instrument had face validity and Cronbach's alpha (reliability) was 0.78. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients were used.Findings: Physical abuse was at a minimum and economic and psychological abuses were more prevalent. There was a significant relation between elderly abuse and education (f=3.52, P=0.005), person who resided with the elderly (f=4.42, P=0.002), and socioeconomic status (r=0.592, P<0.001).Conclusion: Physical abuse of the elderly in Isfahan was relatively low but using their property without their permission and psychological abuse was more frequent. Concerted efforts should be exerted to prevent any kind of abuse.

The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children.

Background and purpose: Elder abuse is one of the major challenges in caring and supporting elderly people. Current research aimed to investigate the relationship between loneliness and experiencing abuse in elderly people attending emergency departments in Amol hospitals, Iran 2019. Materials and methods: A descriptive-analytical correlation study was conducted in 220 people aged>60 years selected by convenience sampling. Demographic information of the participants was recorded and Elder abuse questionnaire in the family and the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) were used. Data analysis was performed applying descriptive statistics test, Spearman correlation coefficient, multiple regression model and analysis of variance in SPSS V22. Results: The mean age of the elderly was 66. 5± 5. 45 years and 62. 7% were female participants. Among the subjects, 50. 9% reported at least one type of abuse. Emotional neglect (29. 1%) and physical abuse (0. 5%) were the most and least frequent types of abuse, respectively. The current study showed significant relationships between all dimensions of abuse and the sense of loneliness (P=0. 001) except for authority deprivation (P=0. 5) and physical abuse (P=0. 1) and financial neglect (P=0. 1(. Conclusion: Education and increasing awareness of elderly people and their caregivers can reduce elder abuse and improve their relationship, which will consequently improve the sense of loneliness in elderly people.

Background and aims: The elderly population in Iran is increasing due to rising life expectancy and improvements in health, which presents certain challenges to society. One of these challenges is the sexual abuse of the elderly, an issue that often receives little attention. This research aimed to examine the sexual abuse of the elderly. Methods: This study utilized a qualitative approach, specifically the phenomenological method. Data collection was conducted through targeted sampling, focusing on 15 elderly women residing in Arak city. A semi-structured interview method was employed to gather information. The data were analyzed based on the hermeneutic approach, transforming participants’ descriptions of their experiences of sexual abuse into structural descriptions. Results: The analysis of the data revealed two main themes: "contexts" and "effects and consequences, " which included 16 sub-themes and 48 specific semantic units. Key contextual factors identified were "economic poverty, " "lack of awareness among caregivers, " and "the elderly's inability to express their needs. " Significant consequences highlighted included feelings of invasion of privacy, silence, embarrassment, and disappointment. Conclusion: Sexual abuse encompasses harassment, seduction, and violence, placing the elderly at risk for various reasons. To prevent abuse, it is essential to increase public awareness, provide educational resources, and offer counseling to support families while educating caregivers about the rights of the elderly. Creating a safe environment and encouraging seniors to report signs of abuse are also critical steps in addressing this issue.

Background and Objectives: There is no accurate data on the burden of elder abuse in Iran, and few studies have been done in this area. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of elder abuse and negligence in a selected population of Iranian elderlies and also to go beyond and assess its relationship with socioeconomic factors. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study focused on the 300 elderlies aged 65 years which were referred to the Emergency Departments of Imam Hossein, Loghman Hakim, and Tajrish Hospitals in Tehran. A special questionnaire focused on elderly abuse with eight subsets of care-giving neglect, psychological abuse, physical abuse, financial abuse, disqualification, rejection, financial neglect, and emotional neglect was completed by the participants. Results: Overall, 300 questionnaires were completed. Among the participants, 54% were women. The mean age of the participants was 74. 1 years with a standard deviation of 9. 69. Overall, 27. 7% were unable to meet their daily needs. Also, 51. 7% lived with their spouses, 20. 3% lived with their children, and 18% lived alone. Also, 40. 3% owned their homes, and 85% had health insurance. The highest scores in this questionnaire were related to the subscales of emotional neglect (25. 5%) followed by psychological (17. 7%) and financial abuse (12. 4%). Conclusion: Maltreatment of the elderly, especially in the areas of emotional neglect, psychological abuse and financial abuse is one of the most important issues in today's Iranian society that may be caused by changing emotional, economic and social values, as well as fading religious beliefs and morals. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to alleviate these problems to resolve elder’ s emotional and mental problems.

The purpose of the study was to design a curriculum for the elderly education based on dialogue education approach. Jane K. Vella is the setter of this approach and the most important feature of this approach can be considered its attention to the audience and their special needs. The method of conducting this research is the application of the recommendations of the dialogue education approach. Sampling among the elderly participating in the course was voluntary and by sending an invitation. In sending the invitation, an effort was made to cover the maximum diversity of education, gender, and social status. In order to select the content based on the participants' needs, the list of Iranian elderly's educational needs was given to the six elderly who attended the educational meetings for selection. After selecting the content, the elements of the dialogical curriculum were determined. In the implementation phase, changes were made to adapt to the context, in the design and implementation process, and all the implementation and design phases were validated by Vella and the team members. Considering the special characteristics of the elderly, such as having experience, independence and self-directedness, the curriculum used for them should be able to take into account these characteristics, and considering the high flexibility of the dialogue and listening approach, as well as the achievement of all learners to the goals of each meeting, the approach to design educational courses in centers whose audience is the elderly, can increase the effectiveness and attractiveness of the courses.

Background & Aims: Child Abuse (CA) is a multi-dimensional damage which is emerged and intensified by several elements. CA brings about physical, mental, and social aftermaths for the children and exposes them to several dangers. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Substance Abuse and CA in Tehran.Materials & Methods: This study was conducted through a survey, and systematic random sampling method was used. The statistical population of this study was Child Abuse in Tehran in 2014-15. The sample population of this study was 273 individuals which were selected using Cochran Sampling Formula among the Child Abuse. The questionnaires were also analyzed after investigating validity and reliability of the questions.Results: The findings of this research showed that girls and boys are abused equally. Moreover, as the age of the children increases, the possibility of being abused increases too. The most common insult was physical and physical-mental abuse. Most of the children have experienced a combination of physical, mental, and sexual abuse and neglect. Also, findings of this study showed that addiction of the parents was the main element of CA (43% of cases); and there was a significant relationship between parental Substance Abuse and CA. Dependency to methamphetamine was the most common addiction compared to other drugs (83%).Conclusion: Considering these results, the necessity of multi-dimensional planning in individual, family, and social levels and in three preventive phases of first, second and third is needed for effective prevention and appropriate intervening on CA.

Background & Aim: With the increasing phenomenon of elder abuse in today's societies, understanding the facilitating and inhibiting factors related to abuse seems necessary. The purpose of this study was to explain the facilitators of elder abuse in Iranian society. Methods & Materials: This is a qualitative study that used a thematic analysis approach to collect and analyze data in order to explain the elderly’, s perceptions of the facilitators of abuse. In this study, 20 elderly people in the community were selected by purposeful sampling. The data were collected by in-depth, semi-structured and face-to-face individual interviews. The Braun and Clark’, s thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results of data analysis led to the identification of three themes including role modeling, evacuation of failures, and cultural-familial context of the society. The third theme had three sub-themes intergenerational gap, parenting style and society’, s indifference. Conclusion: Abuse is the result of a combination of causes and factors. The elderly’,experiences suggest that abuse goes beyond a personal matter and is rooted in cultural, social, and economic practices. Today, it is not acceptance of each other and disregard for the expectations of the other party that gives rise many contradictions and abuses at the family and community level.